Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) technology is a technology of passivation of the emitter and the rear part of the cell. It defines the construction of a photovoltaic cell different from a standard cell ( Fig. 1 ). The difference is that an additional passivation layer is added to the back of the cell. This layer reflects the sun's rays (they are not absorbed by the layer) back into the photovoltaic cell, increasing the probability of the absorption of these rays and thus electricity production. This is due to the low extinction coefficient for wavelengths in the infrared region (above 800 nm). A photovoltaic cell made with PERC technology was first demonstrated at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Australia in 1983 [1]. The technology has achieved an efficiency of \( 25\% \).

Such high efficiency PERC type cells are a good basis for building photovoltaic panels. PERC cells have good results on cloudy days, both in the morning and evening. Above the wavelength \( \lambda = 1180 nm \), the silicon-based cell does not absorb.
Since the passivation layer reflects light back to the cell, reducing the level of absorption by the back layer, this also reduces the heating of the panel. This reduction in absorption helps the panel operate at lower temperatures and positively impacts its energy efficiency.

The PERC technology increases the sensitivity of the panels for infrared wavelengths [2].
The performance of a photovoltaic panel based on PERC-type monocrystalline silicon by one of the manufacturers is shown below. The photovoltaic panels presented by the company are a cell with 12 busbars ( Fig. 2 ) and a panel with 60 cells and a panel with half cells, where each cell is connected to the next through 12 busbars.

See an example of a catalogue card of a photovoltaic panel made with the PERC technology with half cells used.